Which statement is true regarding flow in a circular sewer when n is constant with depth?

Which statement is true regarding flow in a circular sewer when n is constant with depth?

• A. Flowing full occurs when the depth is 0.5 times of the diameter
• B. Flowing full occurs when the depth is equal to the diameter
• C. Flowing full occurs when the depth is 0.8 times of the diameter
• D. All of the above

Answer: (C)

Flowing full in a circular sewer system occurs when the depth of flow reaches the diameter of the pipe. When the flow is considered "full," it means that the sewer is completely filled with liquid, reaching the height of its diameter. The statement indicating that flowing full happens at 0.8 times the diameter is based on specific hydraulic principles and empirical observations regarding typical flow behavior in circular pipes. In practice, it has been observed that certain flow conditions and designs might approach full flow at depths less than the diameter, specifically at about 0.8 times the diameter. This is a common threshold used in various calculations and design considerations in civil engineering. Additionally, it is crucial to note that when the pipe is flowing full, it operates under the assumption of specific flow characteristics such as velocity and cross-sectional area, which are optimized for flow efficiency at full capacity. Given the choices presented, the accuracy of the condition specified about flowing full at 0.8 times the diameter aligns with standard hydraulic principles and is validated by empirical observations in sewer design and flow analysis.

Flowing full in a circular sewer system occurs when the depth of flow reaches the diameter of the pipe. When the flow is considered "full," it means that the sewer is completely filled with liquid, reaching the height of its diameter.

The statement indicating that flowing full happens at 0.8 times the diameter is based on specific hydraulic principles and empirical observations regarding typical flow behavior in circular pipes. In practice, it has been observed that certain flow conditions and designs might approach full flow at depths less than the diameter, specifically at about 0.8 times the diameter. This is a common threshold used in various calculations and design considerations in civil engineering.

Additionally, it is crucial to note that when the pipe is flowing full, it operates under the assumption of specific flow characteristics such as velocity and cross-sectional area, which are optimized for flow efficiency at full capacity. Given the choices presented, the accuracy of the condition specified about flowing full at 0.8 times the diameter aligns with standard hydraulic principles and is validated by empirical observations in sewer design and flow analysis.